Studies to date have been limited to case reports describing the medical history of patients with idiopathic cardiac calcification and the histopathology of this condition. The etiology, prevalence and specific mechanisms of idiopathic calcification of the heart are unknown ( 6). Although idiopathic calcification may be a third type of cardiac calcification, the clinical validity and utility of this classification remain unclear.
Dystrophic calcification is a consequence of injury to cardiac tissue, such as necrosis or degeneration due to heart failure, arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease or cardioembolic disease, whereas metastatic calcification results from an imbalance in calcium-phosphate homeostasis triggered by primary hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, vitamin D deficiency, hypervitaminosis D or inflammatory processes ( 2– 5).
Two basic forms of cardiac calcification have been described, dystrophic and metastatic.
Cardiac calcification, a rare type of cardiac pathology, is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of calcium salts in the heart ( 1).
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